Folic acid, a synthetic form of folate (vitamin B9), is crucial during pregnancy due to its role in DNA synthesis, cell division, and proper fetal development. The World Health Organization recommends that all women should take supplement pills with 400 micrograms of folic acid daily, from the moment they begin attempting to conceive through the first three months of pregnancy.
Importance of Folic Acid During Pregnancy
- Prevention of Neural Tube Defects (NTDs):
Folic acid is crucial to prevent neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. These defects occur very early in pregnancy, often before a woman knows she is pregnant. - Support for Placental Development:
Adequate folic acid is necessary for the development of the placenta and supports the rapid cell growth and division in the fetus and the mother. - Reduction of Other Birth Defects:
Sufficient intake of folic acid is associated with a decreased risk of other congenital anomalies, including heart defects and cleft lip/palate. - Maternal Health:
Folic acid helps prevent maternal anemia by supporting red blood cell formation, which is crucial as the blood volume increases during pregnancy.
Recommended Folic Acid Intake
Women are advised to take 400-800 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid daily starting at least one month before conception and continuing through the first trimester. The general recommendation is to continue taking folic acid throughout pregnancy.
Note: Seek advice from your healthcare provider who might recommend higher doses, especially for women with a history of NTDs or those at higher risk.
Sources
Natural Sources:
Leafy green vegetables (spinach, kale)
Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons)
Beans, peas, and lentils
Avocado
Nuts and seeds
Fortified Foods:
Fortified cereals
Bread and pasta made with enriched flour
Supplements:
Prenatal vitamins containing folic acid
Standalone folic acid supplements
Folic acid deficiency remains a critical health concern in India, particularly for girls and women of reproductive age. Addressing this issue requires a multi-faceted approach, including dietary improvements, supplementation, fortification, and increased public awareness to ensure better health outcomes for this population.